چکیده:
قرآن کریم با ابزار استعاره مفهومی مفاهیم نامحسوس امور غیبی مانند مفهوم فرامادی حیات آخرت را با زبانی ملموس در قالب مفاهیم تجربی به بشریت عرضه کردهاست. مطالعه استعارههای مفهومی قرآن در چارچوب زبانشناسی شناختی علاوه بر اینکه روشی برای فهم مفاهیم غیبی قرآنی مانند «آخرت» در سیمای مفاهیم تجربه شده مانند «مسابقه» است روشی نیز برای رسیدن به لایههای معنایی عمیقتر آیات مورد بحث درباره مفهوم ماورایی آخرت محسوب می شود و تداعی مفهوم ناملموس آخرت در ذهن در تصویر شفاف مسابقه دریچهای دیگر از معارف درهم تنیده قرآنی را بر روی مخاطبان سعادتجو که به دنبال شناخت محسوستر سرای ابدی هستند میگشاید. پژوهش حاضر علاوه بر این که با رویکرد توصیفی_تحلیلی و بر اساس نظریه استعارهمفهومی لیکاف و جانسن به مفهومسازی «آخرت» بهعنوان حوزه مقصد در ساختار مفهوم شناختهشده «مسابقه» بهعنوان حوزه مبدأ میپردازد؛ به صورت کمی و در قالب نمودار نگاشت این استعاره مفهومی را نیز ترسیم مینماید. از مهمترین یافتههای پژوهش استنباط نامنگاشت «آخرت مسابقه است» با تحلیل کانونهای استعاری آیات مؤید این استعاره در قرآن کریم و شناسایی تناظرهای نظاممند میان حوزه ناشناخته «آخرت» و حوزه عینی و شناخته شده «مسابقه» میباشد؛ این نامنگاشت از الگوهای استعاری بسیار خلاقانه برای تصویرسازی حیات وصفناپذیر آخرت میباشد.
Introduction: Using conceptual metaphors, the Koran employs a
tangible and perceptible language to make such intangible and
imperceptible concepts as the Hereafter perceptible for the human
being; thus, it is pivotal to use these metaphors to better perceive the
Koranic concepts. A review of Koranic conceptual metaphors in a
cognitive linguistic context not only provides a way to perceive the
imperceptible concepts of the Koran like “the Hereafter” in a very
context of experienced concepts such as “competition”, but is also a
way to get into the deeper semantic layers of the supernatural concept
of the Hereafter; as the association of the intangible concept of the
Hereafter in mind in the form of a transparent image of a competition
opens another window of intertwined Koranic knowledge for the
happiness-seeking humans who aspire for a more perceptible
understanding of the eternal world.
Methodology: The research is basically descriptive-analytical and
based on library sources. This research builds on the cognitive
semantics approach and employs the conceptual metaphor proposed
by Lakoff and Johnson. The researcher reviews and examines the
Koranic texts to extract evidence of the concept of “the Hereafter is a
competition” and relevant examples, and cites the Arabic texts of the
verses to analyze the conceptual metaphor and infer the relevant
appellation. All the verses that were inferred to include the
appellations related to the Hereafter were gathered. Those verses
which did not contain a metaphorical concept were removed, whereas
the ones that somehow described the appellation of “the Hereafter is a
competition” and involved a metaphorical context were taken as
samples. It should be stated that the data analysis method was not only
based on a cognitive-descriptive context of metaphor, as suggested by
Lakoff and Johnson, but also quantitatively examined in the form of
diagrams the conceptual metaphors by identifying and analyzing the
systematic correspondence of the Origin and Destination.
Findings: The appellation “the Hereafter is a competition” reveals
a number of systematic correspondences between components of two
realms of origin and destination which helps us outline a diagram of
the origin realm over the destination realm. Some of these appellations
include the following : Apostles correspond to competition instructors;
human conducts correspond to the action in the competition; sealing
on the mouth of the protesters (evil-doers) and the testimony of the
limbs correspond to the end of the opportunity to protest; the Heavens
corresponds to the reward of the winners; reception of the record of
deeds by the right or left hands corresponds to the announcement of
the results and meeting with God corresponds to the finish line.
Conclusion: The research found that the identification of
systematic correspondence between the concept of the Hereafter and
the clear concept of the competition reveals a large number of tangible
dimensions of the transcendental life after death. This is also feasible
by resorting to delving into the deep layers of the Koran. The
association of the unknown concept of the Hereafter in the
competitive context establishes a stiff and critical competition in the
material human mind by which he can change his mundane lifestyles
and gain knowledge of the events after death, add to his decent deeds
and learn major skills in the preliminary stage of the world to become
victorious in the long and breathtaking competition that is to be held
in the Hereafter.