خلاصه ماشینی:
"It seems that the client's problem and his emotional state(Zandipour, 1993)as well as his relationship with the therapist, as in the above case with Papp, play some role in his/her crying, A crying reaction may be precipitated by the thera- pist, or there may be little relation between the therapist's intervention and the client's tearfulness(Wood and Wood, 1984).
Therefore, there are occasions in counseling and therapy in which the client starts to cry, regardless of counselor's approach, experience or even per- missiveness for emotional expression.
In counseling and therapy, crying may, or may not be the most therapeutic activity for cal perspectives, they all acknowledge that it is an expression of emotion for some reason or purpose.
Van Heukelen(1979)thinks that"those in the helping professions, whether psychiatric, medical, or pastoral, have unique opportunities to assist people in expressing nega- tive emotions"through crying.
The occurrence of crying is easy to verify by scanning through counseling and therapy texts, wherever case examples or protocols are presented and nonverbal expressions are given, the frequency of crying behavior is evident.
Or in an initial ses- sion of family therapy by Minuchin(1981), this is the therapist's opening statement and the clients reaction: poseful crying and its functions which is very important in counseling and therapy, nor it provides help to understand crying.
Since 1873, there have been many au- thors who believed in the survival, relieving, or therapeutic effects of crying (Bindra, 1972; Carlson, 1993; Darwin, 1873; Foxe, 1941; Heilbrunn, 1955; Lewis & Steitfeld, 1972; Lund, 1930; Montagu, 1959; Peris, Hefferline, & Goodman, 1951; Sadoff, 1966; Zandipour, 1993)."