چکیده:
منظر شهری، سطح تماس انسان و پدیده شهر است و از اینرو بخش قابل توجهی از دانش و عواطف محیطی شهروندان تحتتاثیر آن شکل میگیرد. یکی از مواردی که تاثیر بسزایی در پایداری منظر شهری دارد، فرهنگ میباشد. فرهنگ شهری علاوه بر مؤلفههاى عرصه عمومى و کالبد فرهنگى، بر مؤلفه عملکرد (تعاملات اجتماعى فرهنگى و ارتباط فرد با فضا) و مؤلفه معنا (جو حاکم به معناى ارزشها و مفاهیم غالب نهفته در فضاى فرهنگى شهر) تأکید دارد. بنابراین هدف این پژوهش سنجش ارتباط و تاثیرگذاری شاخصهای فرهنگی بر منظر شهری ارومیه می باشد. پژوهش حاضر از نوع کاربردی و روش تحقیق آن توصیفی ـ تحلیلی میباشد. جامعه آماری مورد استناد در این پژوهش شامل کارشناسان که با راهنمایی اساتید و محدوده موضوع پژوهش انتخاب و شامل بر 35 نفر، تمام شمار و قابل دسترس در زمینه پژوهش میباشد. جامعه آماری شهروندان با استناد به آمار سرشماری نفوس و مسکن 1395 شهر ارومیه که معادل 750805 نفر میباشد که با روش کوکران 384 نفر محاسبه گشته که به تناسب جمعیت هر 5 منطقه توزیع شده است. سپس دادههای حاصل از ظریق نرمافزار SPSS تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. نتایج نشان داد که شاخصهای فرهنگی تاثیر متفاوتی بر منظر شهری ارومیه دارند. با استفاده از روش رگرسیون چندمتغیره و با توجه به میانگین وزنی هر کدام از شاخصهای فرهنگی؛ در کل میتوان گفت که به ترتیب مناطق 4، 1، 5، 2 و 3 به ترتیب با ارزش عددی «2.86 – 2.73 – 2.47 – 2.32 و 2.29» بیشترین تاثیر را بر منظر شهری ارومیه داشتهاند. در کل میتوان اذعان کرد که شاخصهای فرهنگی تاریخی، اقتصادی و دینی – مذهبی بیشترین تاثیر را بر منظر شهری ارومیه داشتهاند.
The city of Urmia, despite having a historical background, the location of the city garden, rich natural context, and diversity of ethnicities and religions, due to the lack of appropriate rules and patterns, creating irregular buildings and adequate supervision, incompatibility of buildings with the geography and customs of society; it has departed from its originality and non-native architectures such as Roman architecture have been formed it. Sometimes, a view unrelated to the culture and climate of this region is accepted by the citizens, which leads to confusion in the urban landscape; these materials are several causes of visual disturbance and confusion of the urban landscape in the city of Urmia. Therefore, it is essential to measure the relationship between cultural indices and components of the urban landscape of Urmia. The purpose of this study is to investigate and assess the relationship between the effective cultural indices on the urban landscape of Urmia. Therefore, this study seeks to answer the following question: -What is the position of the five regions of Urmia city based on the components of the urban landscape and the extent to which cultural indices are realized?MethodologyThe study is a type of applied researches and the approach to the research is descriptive-analytical. The research method has been done based on library studies and collection of relevant thematic sources concerning books, scientific research articles, dissertations, and citations of world-renowned scientific sites in two dimensions including "cultural components and indicators" and "urban landscape components and carriers" as theoretical foundations and extraction of theoretical framework. Also, in this research, library studies, documents and urban upstream plans, urban documented maps and satellite images, zoning of Urmia city area, comparative survey of zones have been used to analyze the correlation of variables in each of urban landscape zones. In addition, "inferential tests" using SPSS software were exerted to analyze the data. The statistical population based on the population and housing census of 2016 in the city of Urmia, is equal to 750805 people, which has been calculated by Cochran's method 384 people and has been distributed according to the population of each region (5 regions).Results and discussionThe results showed that in the field of urban culture, the component of the "historical body" in region 4 has affected the urban landscape more than other ones due to the vastness of the historical texture and the number of historical buildings. Regions 2, 5, 1, and 3 are in the next categories. Also, in terms of the "traditions and historical background" component, region 4 is in the first rank and regions 2, 5, 1, and 3 are in the next ranks. In general, it has been very influential in the historical culture of Region 4. In terms of literary and artistic culture, the component of "literary-artistic places" in region 4 due to the number and size of cultural centers and also the number of libraries has a higher impact on the urban landscape of Urmia than other ones. In this regard, regions 3, 2, 1, and 5 are in the next categories. Regions 4 and 5 are more influential than other ones in terms of the "people and literature-art" component. In terms of economic culture, the component of "production capital" in regions 4 and 5 due to the abundance of the net and gross production and domestic investment than other ones have a higher impact on the urban landscape of Urmia. In the "economic interactions" component, regions 1 and 2 have more impact on the city landscape due to foreign investment and the amount of foreign exchange, and finally, in the "civil" component, regions 1, 2, 3, 5, and 4 have been more successful, respectively. In terms of political culture and diplomacy, in the "national" component of regions 4 and 1, due to security and transparency in implementation and monitoring, they have been more successful and have shown their impact on the urban landscape of Urmia. Also, in the "international" component, region 2 has performed better and more successfully due to wider overseas transactions and bilateral urban diplomacy between cities and some surrounding (neighbouring) countries, and its impact on the urban landscape of Urmia is more evident than other regions. In the dimension of religious culture and the subset of "buildings and places", regions 4 and 1, respectively, due to the number, size, and quality of religious buildings and the place of religious ceremonies have shown their impact on the urban landscape of Urmia. ConclusionThe purpose of this study is to investigate and assess the relationship between the effective cultural indices on the urban landscape of Urmia. In this regard, the present study has tried to examine all these dimensions and indicators simultaneously. The results of this study showed that each cultural indicator has a different impact on the urban landscape of Urmia. This shows a different quality in each area of Urmia. Therefore, according to the analysis and the average weight of each cultural indicator; it can be said that regions 4, 1, 5, 2, and 3, respectively, with a numerical value of "2.86, 2.73, 2.47, 2.32, and 2.29 had the greatest impact on the urban landscape of Urmia. Also from the point of view of urban experts and according to the evaluation and average weight of each component; cultural indices related to regions 4, 5, 1, 3, and 2 with a numerical value of 0.862, 0.813, 0.722, 0.603, and 0.535”, respectively, had the greatest impact on the urban landscape of Urmia.