چکیده:
سالمندی دوره حساسی از زندگی است که با دامنه گستردهای از تغییرات فیزیولوژیک و روانشناختی موجب از دست دادن برخی حالات از جمله ضعف شناختی، زوال تدریجی جسم، حافظه و عملکرد اجتماعی شناخته میگردد. سالمندان در این دوره با چالشهای فراوانی مواجهه هستند که شناسایی آن میتواند در تدارک برنامههای حمایتی و توانبخشی کمک شایانی باشد. از اینرو هدف از انجام این پژوهش تبیین پدیدارشناسانه چالشهای سالمندان شهر کاشان بود. جامعه مورد پژوهش شامل سالمندان 62 سال به بالای شهر کاشان بود. نمونهگیری بهصورت هدفمند بود که در آن با 14 نفر سالمند مصاحبه صورت گرفت و نمونهگیری به اشباع رسید. دادهها با استفاده از مصاحبههای نیمه ساختاریافته جمعآوری و با روش 7 مرحلهای کلایزی تجزیه و تحلیل شد. نتایج حاکی از استخراج 2 مضمون اصلی و 14 مضمون فرعی بود. مضمونهای اصلی عبارت از (1) چالشهای فردی و (2) چالشهای اجتماعی بودند. مضمونهای فرعی نیز شامل 1- دغدغه سلامت جسمانی و بیماری ها،2- احساس تنهایی،3- دغدغه آینده فرزندان، 4- حمایت فرزندان، 5- عدم حمایت فرزندان، 6- مشکلات روحی و روانی، 7- حفظ اقتدار و احترام، 8- امیدواری مثبت، 9 – امیدواری منفی، 10- از کار افتادگی، 11- دریافت حمایت نهادهای اجتماعی و تأمین رفاه سالمندان، 12- مشکلات اقتصادی، 13- نگرش مثبت به خانه سالمندان و 14– نگرش منفی به خانه سالمندان بودند. با توجه به نتایج مشخص گردید رسیدگی به مشکلات و چالشهای سالمندان ضروری بوده و از اینرو ارائه خدمات حمایتی و آموزشی و بهداشتی برای سالمندان میتواند از مشکلات آنان بکاهد.
Old age is a sensitive period of life, characterized by a wide range of physiological and psychological changes that cause the loss of some states, including cognitive weakness, gradual deterioration of the body, memory and social function. The elderly in this period are facing many challenges, the identification of which can be of great help in the preparation of support and rehabilitation programs. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to explain the phenomenological challenges of the elderly living in Kashan, Iran. The research population included the elderly over 62 years old living in Kashan city. The sampling method was purposeful, during which 14 aged people were interviewed and the sampling was saturated. The data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed by the seven-step Claesian method. The result indicated two main themes and 14 Sub-themes. The main themes were (1) individual challenges and (2) social challenges. Sub-themes included (1) concerns about physical health and diseases, (2) feelings of loneliness, (3) concerns about children's future, (4) support for children, (5) lack of support for children, (6) mental and emotional problems, (7) maintaining authority and respect, (8) positive hope, (9) negative hope, (10) disability, (11) receiving support from social institutions and providing welfare for the elderly, (12) economic problems, (13) positive attitude towards the nursing home and (14) negative attitude towards the nursing home. According to the results, it was found that it is necessary to deal with the problems and challenges of the elderly, and therefore, providing supportive, educational and health services for the elderly can reduce their problems.ReferencesAnjum, M., & Verma, M. K. (2022). Impact of hope on the coping behavior of male and female cancer patients. 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