چکیده:
ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ زﻧﺎن از ﺣﯿﺚ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ و رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺳﯽ در اﺑﻌﺎد ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ اﻣﺎ ﻧﮕﺎه ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ زﻧﺎن ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ ﻫﻮﯾﺖ ﺟﻨﺴﯿﺘﯽ ﺑﺮای ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ زﻧﺎن ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﺮای اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر از روش ﮔﺮاﻧﺪد ﺗﻮری ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮی ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﻓﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﺷﺒﺎع ﻧﻈﺮات ﺑﻪ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺑﺎ 14ﻧﻔﺮ از زﻧﺎن ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ اﻧﺠﺎﻣﯿﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ، ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻋﻠﯽ و ﭘﺪﯾﺪ آورﻧﺪه ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﮕﯽ ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ زﻧﺎن ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 1. ﺗﻨﮕﻨﺎی ﻣﺎﻟﯽ 2. ﻧﮕﺎه ﺟﻨﺴﯽ در ﮐﺎر 3. ﻧﻬﺎدﯾﻨﻪ ﺷﺪن ﺗﺒﻌﯿﺾ ﺟﻨﺴﯽ4. ﺣﺲ زﻧﺎﻧﻪ و 5. ﭘﺬﯾﺮش ﻫﻮﯾﺖ ﺟﻨﺴﯽ، 6. اﺣﺴﺎس ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪی و 7. اﻋﺘﻘﺎدات، ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﺳﺎز ﻫﻮﯾﺖ ﺟﻨﺴﯿﺘﯽ در ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ زﻧﺎن ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 1. ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﮐﺎر 2. وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎی دورن ﻓﺮدی 3. ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت ﻣﻮﺛﺮ 4. ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﻫﺎی ﻧﺎﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﻫﻮﯾﺖ ﺟﻨﺴﯿﺘﯽ 5. ﺿﻌﻒ ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪی ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ، ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ ﮔﺮ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 1. ﺗﺒﻌﯿﺾ ﺟﻨﺴﯽ در ﮐﺎر 2. ﺗﺒﻌﯿﺾ ﺟﻨﺴﯿﺘﯽ در ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ 3. ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﮐﺎری ﺗﺒﻌﯿﺾ ﺟﻨﺴﯿﺘﯽ 4. ﺗﺒﻠﯿﻐﺎت رﺳﺎﻧﻪ ای 5. ﺑﺮوﮐﺮاﺳﯽ اداری، راﻫﺒﺮدﻫﺎی ﺑﺮون رﻓﺖ و رﻓﻊ ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ ﻫﻮﯾﺖ ﺟﻨﺴﯿﺘﯽ در ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ زﻧﺎن ﺷﺎﻣﻞ: 1. ﺗﻔﮑﺮ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت 2. وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎی ﺑﯿﻦ ﻓﺮدی 3. ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ4. ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ دوﻟﺘﯽ 5. ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ ﻣﺎﻟﯽ 6. ﺑﺎزﻧﮕﺮی ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ 7. ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ و در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎی رﻓﻊ ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ ﻫﻮﯾﺖ ﺟﻨﺴﯿﺘﯽ ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ زﻧﺎن ﺷﺎﻣﻞ: 1. اﺳﺘﻘﻼل ﻣﺎﻟﯽ 2. ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ ﻫﻤﺠﻨﺴﺎن 3. اﺣﺴﺎس رﺿﺎﯾﺖ از ﻫﻮﯾﺖ زﻧﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. در ﭘﺎﯾﺎن، ﻣﺪل ﻧﻈﺮی ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ ﻫﻮﯾﺖ ﺟﻨﺴﯿﺘﯽ در ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ زﻧﺎن اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.
Abstractfields women's entrepreneurship of to management and Sociology It has been studied in different dimensions But the sociological view of women's entrepreneurship problem Less attention has been paid. In this study, barriers gender identity for women's entrepreneurship were investigated. For this purpose, grounded theory method using snowball sampling method has been used. The number samples based on the saturation opinions, they succeeded in interviewing 14 women entrepreneurs. Based on the results, the causal conditions that create obstacles to the development women's entrepreneurship include 1. Financial constraints, 2. Sexuality at work, 3. Institutionalization sexual discrimination, 4. Feminine sense, and 5. Acceptance sexual identity, the underlying conditions gender identity in the development of entrepreneurship. Women include 1. sense empowerment 2. work culture 3. personal characteristics 4. effective communication 5. unequal opportunities due to gender identity 6. weak communication ability, Intervening factors include 1. Beliefs 2. Gender discrimination at work 3. Gender discrimination in society 4. Work problems gender discrimination 5. Media advertising 6. Administrative bureaucracy, exit strategies and removing barriers to gender identity in women's entrepreneurship including: 1. Different thinking 2. Interpersonal characteristics 3. Program 4. Government support 5. Financial support 6. Revision of laws 7. Organizational support and finally the consequences of removing gender identity barriers for women's entrepreneurship including: 1. Financial independence 2. Same-sex support 3. Feeling Satisfied with female identity. In the end, the theoretical model gender identity barriers in women's entrepreneurship is presented.
خلاصه ماشینی:
_ تبيين نظري و ارائه مدل موانع هويت جنسيتي در کارآفريني زنان : رويکرد گراندد تئوري فرنوش حميدپور١ تاريخ دريافت : ١٤٠١/٢/١٧ افسانه توسلي٢ افسانه ادريسي ٣ تاريخ پذيرش : ١٤٠١/٣/١٥ چکيده موضوع کارآفريني زنان از حيث مديريت و روانشناسي در ابعاد مختلفي بررسي شده است اما نگاه جامعه شناختي به مسئله کارآفريني زنان کمتر مورد توجه قرار گرفته است .
اين عامل با نمودهايي نظير ترس از محيط کار مردانه ، اهميت محيط کاري سالم و عدم اعتماد به مردان در جامعه به عنوان يکي از موانع توسعه کارآفريني زنان بوده است .
٤. حس زنانه ، به عنوان يکي ديگر از شرايط علي هويت جنسيتي در مسير توسعه کارآفريني زنان بوده است .
در نهايت ، رفع موانع هويت جنسيتي کارآفريني زنان منجر به پيامدهايي خواهد شد که در اين مطالعه به آن اشاره شده است .
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