چکیده:
کشور چین دارای تاریخ و فرهنگ فاخر،اما دارای نظام حقوقی جدید و نوپایی است.در مورد کسانی در کشورهای خود به حقوق، تصمیمات قضایی و مقررات خو گرفتهاند،برایشان بسیار عجیب به نظر میرسد که چین به عنوان یک کشور بزرگ از لحاظ وسعت و جمعیت،تا سال 1979 هنوز قانون آیین دادرسی کیفری معاصر خود را تدوین نکرده بود.در این کشور گرایش به سوی اقتصاد بازار آزادسوسیالیستی و دغدغه های ناظر به رعایت حقوق بشر و سرمایه گذاری خارجی منجر به بازبینی و اصلاح قانون آئین دادرسی کیفری در سالهای2012،1996 و 2018 شده است.از مهمترین دستاورد های قانون جدید پذیرش اصل برائت وتصریح به برخی از آثار آن از جمله ضرورت تفسیر شک به نفع متهم ،منع اجبار به خود جرم انگاری و تجویز دخالت وکیل با محدودیت هایی در مرحله تحقیقات مقدماتی میباشد. قانون آیین دادرسی کیفری سال 92 ایران نیز با فاصله گرفتن از نظام تفتیشی در مرحله تحقیقات مقدماتی تا حدودی به سمت ترافعی کردن رسیدگی گام برداشته و کنشگران فرایند کیفری را به رعایت اصول دادرسی منصفانه و تامین حقوق دفاعی متهم مکلف می نماید،با اینکه ضمانت اجراهای نسبتا مناسبی را برای نقض حقوق متهمان لحاظ کرده است اما کافی به نظر نمیرسد.این دو کشور با توجه به همکاریهای دوجانبه که اخیرا بر اساس منافع متقابل در حوزه های مختلف با هم داشته اند اما تاکنون تحقیقی در زمینه مباحث حقوق کیفری این کشور در مقایسه با ایران انجام نشده است.بنابراین ضرورت ایجاب می کند که فتح بابی از طریق پژوهش حاضر در این زمینه ایجاد شود.
China has a rich history and culture but the legal system of the country is quite new and young. Many who got accustomed to their legal system, court decisions, and regulations, are wondering why China as a great nation in terms of area and population didn't formulate its current Criminal Procedure Code until 1979. In this country, the trend toward a socialist free-market economy, concerns related to following human rights, and forging investments have resulted in the review and amendment of Criminal Procedure Code in 1996, 2012, and 2018. Several outcomes of the new code are as follows: approval of presumption of innocence and specifying several of its effects, e.g., the necessity of interpreting in dubio pro reo (in doubt, for the accused), forbidding the act of compelled self-incrimination, and prescribing the lawyer's intervention with several restraints in the primary investigation stage.Iran Criminal Procedure Code (1392) is also moving away from the inspection system in the primary investigation stage toward adversarial criminal procedure obliging the criminal procedure process actors to follow fair trial principles and respect the rights of the accused to defend himself/herself. Although this Code has considered several suitable sanctions for violating the rights of the accused, they don't seem enough. Recently, the two countries have involved in mutual partnerships in different areas based on mutual benefits but there has been no research carried out to compare the subjects of criminal law in both countries. Therefore, it seems fit to carry out the current research on this subject.
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