چکیده:
در ﭘﮋوﻫﺶﻫﺎی اﺧﯿﺮ ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ ﮐﻤﯽ در ﻣﻌﻨﺎی ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ و دﻗﯿﻖ ﺧﺮد وﺟﻮد دارد. ﻟﺬا ﺑﺤﺚﻫﺎی اﺧﯿﺮ در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ روانﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﻫﻨﻮز در ﺣﺎل ﺗﻼش ﺑﺮای دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ ﻣﺸﺘﺮک در ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﺧﺮد ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. درﻋﯿﻦﺣﺎل ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮕﺮان ﻣﺘﻌﺪدی ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺮ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ اﺳﺎﺳﯽ ﺧﺮد ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ ﮐﺮدهاﻧﺪ. ﺧﺮد ﻋﻠﯽرﻏﻢ ﮐﻤﯿﺎب ﺑﻮدﻧﺶ در ﻣﻘﺎﻻت ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ و رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ از زﻣﺎنﻫﺎی دور ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺤﺚ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ و ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﻣﺤﮑﻤﯽ در ﻣﮑﺎﻟﻤﺎت روزﻣﺮه دارد. ﺧﺮد ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪی اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ آن ﺑﯿﻦ درﺳﺖ و ﻏﻠﻂ، ﺧﻮب و ﺑﺪ ﺗﻤﯿﯿﺰ ﻣﯽدﻫﯿﻢ ﯾﺎ ﻗﻀﺎوت ﻣﯽﮐﻨﯿﻢ. ﮐﺎﻣﭙﯿﻮﺗﺮﻫﺎ ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﯾﯽ ﺧﺮدﻣﻨﺪی را ﻧﺪارﻧﺪ و ﻫﺮﮔﺰ ﻧﺨﻮاﻫﻨﺪ داﺷﺖ زﯾﺮا ﺧﺮد ﯾﮑﯽ از وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎی ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮد اﻧﺴﺎن اﺳﺖ و ﺑﻪﻋﺒﺎرﺗﯽ ﺧﺮد ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰم اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻓﺮد روح داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﭼﻮن ﺧﺮد ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺎن اﻧﺪازه ﮐﻪ در ذﻫﻦ وﺟﻮد دارد در ﻗﻠﺐ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺟﺎی ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮد. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ادﺑﯿﺎت اﯾﻦ ﺣﻮزه و ﺑﺎ روش ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪای ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎی ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺳﺎزه ﺧﺮد ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ اﺑﺰارﻫﺎی اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮی و ادﺑﯿﺎت ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﯽﭘﺮدازد. اﻣﯿﺪ اﺳﺖ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮕﺮان ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮهﮔﯿﺮی از اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ اﺑﺰارﻫﺎی اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮی ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ در ﮐﺸﻮر اﯾﺮان ﺑﭙﺮدازﻧﺪ.
In recent studies, there is little agreement on the conceptual and exact meaning of wisdom. So the recent debates in the field of psychology are still trying to reach a common agreement on the definition of wisdom. Meanwhile, many researchers have emphasized the fundamental importance of wisdom. Despite its scarcity in the management and psychology articles, wisdom is a concept that has long been discussed and has special place in everyday conversations. Wisdom is a process by which we discern or judge between right and wrong, good and bad. Computers do not have and will never have the ability of being wise because wisdom is one of the unique features of human beings and in other words, wisdom requires that a person have the spirit since wisdom can be in heart as much as it is in mind. This study investigates the components of the wisdom construct by studying the literature of this field and using library method based on the measurement tools and research literature. It is hoped that this article can help researchers to design appropriate measurement tools in Iran.