چکیده:
بهبود کسب وکار در مناطق شهری شامل کارآفرینی، ارتقای کسب وکارهای خرد و کلان و بازاریابی است. هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی کاربردها و نقش سیستم های اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS) در بهبود و توسعه کسب وکار شهری است. در گام اول، کاربردهای GIS در بهبود این کسب وکارها به روش کتابخانه ای بررسی شده است. در گام دوم، مناسب ترین مکان ها برای تاسیس رستوران در شهر بابلسر استان مازندران، به روش تلفیقی بهترین-بدترین و ابزارهای تجزیه و تحلیل GIS، به عنوان یکی از کاربردهای GIS در کسب وکار انتخاب شد. در این گام، ابتدا با استفاده از روش بهترین-بدترین، وزن معیارها محاسبه و سپس به کمک مدل ترکیب خطی وزن دار (WLC) مبتنی بر GIS، نقشه اولویت بندی نهایی گزینه های رستوران ها تولید شد. بررسی ها نشان می دهد به کمک GIS می توان رفتار مشتریان، رقبا و بازار را به صورت مکانی مدل سازی کرد و به پرسش های متعددی از جمله تحلیل مشتری و بازار، پیش بینی وضعیت بازار، سیاست های تبلیغات، انتخاب و بهینه سازی مکان، مدیریت مناطق فروش، سرمایه گذاری و سیستم بازاریابی پاسخ داد. با توجه به این قابلیت ها و تجزیه و تحلیل های مکانی می توان از این سیستم برای بهبود و توسعه کسب وکار در فضای شهری استفاده کرد. تعداد کل گزینه های پیشنهادی برای تاسیس رستوران در شهر بابلسر ۵۳۷۵ بوده که براساس نتایج مدل مبتنی بر GIS، از این مقدار به ترتیب ۲۴۲۶، ۲۲۳۴ و ۷۱۵ گزینه در طبقات مناسب، متوسط و نامناسب طبقه بندی شده اند. همچنین نتایج نشان می دهد موقعیت مکانی ۵۳، ۴۰ و ۷ درصد از رستوران های شهر بابلسر به ترتیب در کلاس های مناسب، متوسط و نامناسب قرار دارند.
In recent years, most of the countries that are affected by continued recession or the ongoing financial crisis focus on developing and promoting businesses including entrepreneurship, marketing, and commerce processes. Information technologies play a key role in business development, digital marketing, advertising, real time monitoring, customer support and long term business growth. This study examines the applications of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) as one of the information technologies in the context of business development. The strong relation between business and location makes GIS as a valuable tool to support information needs in business-related decision making processes and attain long term business success. The spatial-analytical capabilities of GIS, such as network and overlay analyses can be effectively used to explore and analyze the business situations in order to provide more informed business decisions, plans and marketing strategies. GIS has the potential to integrate the spatial (location), economic, demographic, and social data to model customers and competitors’ behaviors and answers the questions in the domains such as customer and marketing analysis, market prediction, investment, advertisement strategy, business site selection, market, and so on. In the following, a study was conducted to determine the optimal locations for investment and business in the establishment of restaurants in Babolsar city using the multi-criteria Best-Worst GIS-based method.In a general categorization, Types of businesses in urban space are divided into service, commercial, manufacturing, and technology and information groups. The components of urban businesses in various fields are related to the spatial characteristics and geographical location of the business. Geographic and spatial investigations provide the useful information for urban business owners. However, in recent years, less attention has been paid to the spatial parameters of urban businesses. The spatial analysis of customer, competitors and markets behavior is important for development of business in urban space and it will make a better understanding of markets, competitors and customer behavior in the urban space. Information is a basic tool for development of the urban business. In the past two decades, advanced industrial countries have focused on new information technologies as the core of development. Today, there are a variety of computer information systems available for provide information in various fields of urban business. GIS is one of these systems, which can be used for spatial or geographic purposes in urban areas. Given the complexities of urban space, GIS can simulate complex spatial analysis and provide appropriate solutions. This technology, using the Strong functions, makes accurate decisions and optimal management of resources in urban space. Small and large businesses in urban space can use GIS as a useful tool for analysis and decision making. GIS has business analyst, network analyst, spatial analyst, 3D analyst and many other complex analyzers for implementing and managing integrated systems, including a complete urban business system. In this study, the use of GIS as an appropriate and highly relevant information technology for the development and improvement of urban businesses is discussed and discussed.The city of Babolsar, located in Mazandaran Province, Iran has been selected as the study area. This city has long been a hub for tourists and travelers owing to its peculiar location. Considering the significance of tourism as a major source of income, creating tourist infrastructures such as restaurants has found great importance. In this study, first the applications of GIS as a suitable information technology for the development and improvement of urban businesses are studied through the library method. Then, to evaluate the location options and select the most suitable place to establish a restaurant in Babolsar, Mazandaran province, the best-worst combination was used as one of the multi criteria criteria and GIS analysis tools. Effective criteria and restaurant alternative locations are then determined based on previous researches and standardized criterion maps are produced. Each criterion is then weighted by experts using Best-Worst Method (BWM). The Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) method is ultimately applied to combine criterion maps with the criteria weights to determine the alternative scores in the expert-derived map. The map is divided into three classes of suitable, moderate, and unsuitable.GIS is able to answer a large volume of business owners' questions in the field development and improvement of the urban business. These questions the six main groups of included what time? Where? Why? How? And what? In order to improve business development. GIS has the ability to integrate economic, social and spatial data from customers, competitors and the market. Then, by analyzing and modeling the location-based data, use the results for develop and improve of the urban businesses. Information technologies play a key role in business development, digital marketing, advertising, real time monitoring, customer support and long term business growth. This study examines the applications of GIS as one of the information technologies in the context of business development. The strong relation between business and location makes GIS as a valuable tool to support information needs in business-related decision making processes and attain long term business success. The spatial-analytical capabilities of GIS, such as network and overlay analyses can be effectively used to explore and analyze the business situations in order to provide more informed business decisions, plans and marketing strategies. GIS has the potential to integrate the spatial (location), economic, demographic, and social data to model customers and competitors’ behaviors and answers the questions in the domains such as customer and marketing analysis, market prediction, investment, advertisement strategy, business site selection, market, and so on. GIS helping the business owners to modeling and tracking the customer behavior so that they can answer questions such as business customers, what are more business customers than urban areas? Who can be the best business customers and where are they located in the urban? What products and services do business customers use in a particular urban area? How can other customers reach other locations?
خلاصه ماشینی:
در گام دوم ، مناسب ترين مکان ها براي تأسيس رستوران در شهر بابلسر استان مازندران ، به روش تلفيقي بهترين -بدترين و ابزارهاي تجزيه و تحليل GIS، به عنوان يکي از کاربردهاي GIS در کسب وکار انتخاب شد.
بررسي ها نشان مي دهد به کمک GIS ميتوان رفتار مشتريان ، رقبا و بازار را به صورت مکاني مدل سازي کرد و به پرسش هاي متعددي از جمله تحليل مشتري و بازار، پيش بيني وضعيت بازار، سياست هاي تبليغات ، انتخاب و بهينه سازي مکان ، مديريت مناطق فروش ، سرمايه گذاري و سيستم بازاريابي پاسخ داد.
در ادامه ، به عنوان يکي از کاربردهاي GIS در محيط شهري، ارزيابي گزينه هاي مکاني و انتخاب مناسب ترين مکان براي تأسيس رستوران در شهر بابلسر استان مازندران ، با استفاده از روش تلفيقي بهترين -بدترين ٣ به عنوان يکي از روش هاي تصميم گيري چندمعياره و ابزارهاي تجزيه و تحليل GIS، صورت گرفت .
با توجه به قابليت هاي GIS در تحليل هاي مکان -محور مانند بررسي توزيع ، پراکنش و تغييرات مکاني پديده ها، تحليل هاي شبکه و تعيين مجاورت مکاني، به خوبي مي توان از اين سيستم براي پاسخ به پرسش هاي مرتبط با بهبود و توسعۀ کسب وکارهاي شهري استفاده کرد.
قابليت ها و مزاياي بهره گيري از GIS در زمينۀ پخش محصولات و خدمات کسب وکارهاي مختلف براساس تحليل هاي مکان -محور مانند بررسي توزيع ، پراکنش و تغييرات مکاني پديده ها، تحليل هاي شبکه و تعيين مجاورت مکاني سياست گذاري هاي مناسب براي تبليغات يکي از موارد بسيار مهم در کسب وکار شهري تبليغات است .