چکیده:
توسعه ای که امروزه در فناوری کمک باروری از طریق جنین های منجمد ذخیره شده در نیتروژن مایع با دمای 196- رخ داده است، منجر به بروز چالش های زیادی در خصوص این جنین ها گشته است، از جمله این چالش ها میتوان به اختلاف بر سر چگونگی و نوع رابطه صاحبان با آن اشاره کرد. دلیل این اختلافات از طرفی به شخصیت بالقوه جنین در قانون، ممانعت از سوء استفادههای اقتصادی از جنین ها، گیرنده ها و اهداکننده ها و از دیگرسو به ارزش مالی جنین ها به علت امکان کاربرد آنها در کمک به زوجین نابارور و مطالعات ژنتیکی به منظور بالابردن سطح تحقیقات و یافتن راه حل های مختلف درمان بیماران، باز میگردد. بنابراین شناخت ماهیت فقهی حقوقی رابطه صاحبان با جنین های منجمد با روشی توصیفی تحلیلی میتواند در روشن ساختن صحت و بطلان انجام اعمال حقوقی نسبت به جنین منجمد حائز اهمیت باشد.
The development recently brought about in assisted reproductive technology through the frozen embryos
stored in liquid nitrogen in -196°C has led to the emergence of numerous challenges regarding the embryos.
Inter alia these challenges, one can point to the discrepancies concerning the quality and the type of the
relationship between the embryos and their owners. The reason behind such discrepancies can be traced on
the one hand to the potential personality of embryo as considered in the law, the prohibition of economical
misuses of the embryos, receptors and donors and on the other hand to the embryos’ financial values due to
the possibility of using them in helping the infertile spouses and genetic studies for the purpose of elevating
the research level and finding various solutions in curing the patients; Therefore, gaining an insight of the
jurisprudential-legal relationships between the owners and the frozen embryos based on a descriptiveanalytical
research method can be of a crucial importance in clarifying the authenticity and the invalidation
of the legal measures in respect to frozen embryos.
Results: Although there are jurisprudential and legal ambiguities regarding the determination of rights and
authorities of the frozen embryos’ owners as well as the elucidation of such relationships as ownership,
guardianship and attribution, the results obtained are indicative of invalidity of such guardianship rights due
to the impossibility to assign the fetus to a certain parents, especially before insufflation of spirit and also for
such reasons as the inability to call a child such an embryo and also due to the inability to call the embryo
owners as husband and wife in the ethical guidelines of the research on gametes and embryos approved in 1392
and according to the centrality of the proprietary nature of such an issue in the ownership right and attribution,
the choice of the ownership relationship and its specific delimitation as considered by the legislator; all of
which can play a fair and moderate role as the most complete legally supportive structure in the avenue of
frozen embryo transferring and prohibition of the misuse by the donor, receptor and frozen embryo.